Patellar luxation in dogs

Measured in 75 breeds across 3 sources. Figures are grouped by how they were measured, because those groups are not comparable with one another.

17%Highest recorded
75Breeds measured
$3,000Typical treatment cost

Screened dogs

Share of dogs submitted for screening that were graded affected.

Describes dogs whose owners chose to test them, not the breed. Submission is voluntary and normal results are more likely to be sent in.

  • Yorkshire Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,177

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    17% $3,000 typical

  • Japanese Chin

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 487

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.7%

  • Brussels Griffon

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 552

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    7.1%

  • French Bulldog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 8,949

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.6% $3,000 typical

  • Chow Chow

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 981

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.2% $3,000 typical

  • Cocker Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,822

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6% $3,000 typical

  • Bulldog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,698

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.7% $3,000 typical

  • Cairn Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 429

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.6%

  • Pug

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,074

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.6% $3,000 typical

  • Scottish Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,126

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.4% $3,000 typical

  • Norfolk Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 602

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5%

  • Shiba Inu

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,471

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.9% $3,000 typical

  • Maltese

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,878

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.8% $3,000 typical

  • Lhasa Apso

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 418

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.8% $3,000 typical

  • Tibetan Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 369

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.6%

  • Chinese Shar-Pei

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 963

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.2% $3,000 typical

  • Pekingese

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 190

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.2%

  • Dachshund

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,493

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.1% $3,000 typical

  • West Highland White Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,146

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.5% $3,000 typical

  • Papillon

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,252

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.3% $3,000 typical
Show the other 46 breeds

  • Bichon Frise

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,219

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.3% $3,000 typical

  • Chinese Crested

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,045

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.3%

  • Bloodhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 206

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.9% $3,000 typical

  • Poodle

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 15,564

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.7% $3,000 typical

  • Miniature Pinscher

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 813

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.7%

  • Keeshond

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,325

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.5%

  • Italian Greyhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,355

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.3% $3,000 typical

  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 18,461

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.2% $3,000 typical

  • Shih Tzu

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,378

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.2% $3,000 typical

  • Bull Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 278

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.2%

  • Border Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,148

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.1%

  • Beagle

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 630

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.7% $3,000 typical

  • Alaskan Malamute

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 172

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.7%

  • Akita

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,781

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.6% $3,000 typical

  • Flat-Coated Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,850

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.5%

  • Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 915

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.4%

  • Labrador Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,767

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.1% $3,000 typical

  • Basenji

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 728

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.1% $3,000 typical

  • Samoyed

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 208

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1% $3,000 typical

  • Great Pyrenees

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,621

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1% $3,000 typical

  • Shetland Sheepdog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 661

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.90% $3,000 typical

  • Dogue de Bordeaux

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 453

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.90%

  • Norwegian Elkhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 229

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.90%

  • Australian Shepherd

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,956

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.80% $3,000 typical

  • Australian Cattle Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 792

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.80% $3,000 typical

  • Old English Sheepdog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 127

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.80% $3,000 typical

  • Wire Fox Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 120

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.80%

  • Welsh Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 136

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.70%

  • Miniature Schnauzer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,563

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.70% $3,000 typical

  • Rhodesian Ridgeback

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 408

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.70% $3,000 typical

  • Golden Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,794

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $3,000 typical

  • German Shepherd

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,400

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $3,000 typical

  • Boxer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 702

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $3,000 typical

  • Great Dane

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 511

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $3,000 typical

  • Siberian Husky

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,003

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $3,000 typical

  • Newfoundland

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,771

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $3,000 typical

  • Staffordshire Bull Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 462

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60%

  • Parson Russell Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 532

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60%

  • Rottweiler

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,875

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.50% $3,000 typical

  • Cane Corso

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,301

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.50% $3,000 typical

  • English Springer Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 634

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.50% $3,000 typical

  • Brittany

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 757

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.50% $3,000 typical

  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,085

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.40%

  • Bernese Mountain Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,799

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.30% $3,000 typical

  • Border Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 888

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.30% $3,000 typical

  • Mastiff

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,917

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.30% $3,000 typical

Owner survey

Share of dogs whose owners reported the condition at one point in time.

Depends on owners noticing and recalling. Mild or resolved cases are undercounted.

  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    3.1% 2.3% to 4.3% $3,000 typical

  • French Bulldog

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.7% 1.4% to 5.1% $3,000 typical

  • Pug

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.3% 1.4% to 4% $3,000 typical

  • Bichon Frise

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.3% 1.1% to 4.9% $3,000 typical

  • Lhasa Apso

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    1.7% 0.86% to 3.3% $3,000 typical

Lifetime, owner-reported

Share of dogs whose owners report the dog has ever had the condition.

Counts everything a dog has ever had, so it runs higher than a one-year rate and is not comparable with one.

  • Chihuahua

    clinical or cohort Dog Aging Project breeds 2023, 2019-2022 n = 39

    27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported

    17% 12.7% to 22.4%

  • Yorkshire Terrier

    clinical or cohort Dog Aging Project breeds 2023, 2019-2022 n = 19

    27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported

    11.2% 7.3% to 16.9%

  • Havanese

    clinical or cohort Dog Aging Project breeds 2023, 2019-2022 n = 19

    27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported

    10.6% 6.9% to 15.9%

  • Boston Terrier

    clinical or cohort Dog Aging Project breeds 2023, 2019-2022 n = 14

    27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported

    8.8% 5.3% to 14.2%

Where these figures come from

  • Dog Aging Project breeds 2023 Grade B

    Forsyth KK, McCoy BM, Schmid SM, Promislow DEL, Snyder-Mackler N, the DAP Consortium. Lifetime prevalence of owner-reported medical conditions in the 25 most common dog breeds in the Dog Aging Project pack. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;10:1140417.

    View source
  • OFA Grade C

    Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Disease Statistics by Breed. Cumulative evaluations submitted to the OFA registry.

    View source
  • KC survey 2017 Grade C

    Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O'Neill DG, Lewis TW. Large-scale survey to estimate the prevalence of disorders for 192 Kennel Club registered breeds. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 2017;4:8.

    View source

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