Hip dysplasia in dogs

Measured in 100 breeds across 3 sources. Figures are grouped by how they were measured, because those groups are not comparable with one another.

72.7%Highest recorded
100Breeds measured
$2,350–$5,250Typical treatment cost

Screened dogs

Share of dogs submitted for screening that were graded affected.

Describes dogs whose owners chose to test them, not the breed. Submission is voluntary and normal results are more likely to be sent in.

  • Pug

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,281

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    72.7% $2,350 typical

  • Bulldog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,655

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    70.8%

  • Brussels Griffon

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 227

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    58.1%

  • Dogue de Bordeaux

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,013

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    57.2%

  • Basset Hound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 286

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    39.5% $5,250 typical

  • Cane Corso

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,860

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    37.2%

  • Norfolk Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 419

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    35.3%

  • French Bulldog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,145

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    33.1% $2,350 typical

  • Bloodhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,748

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    26.4% $5,250 typical

  • Newfoundland

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 20,039

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    25.8% $5,250 typical

  • Bullmastiff

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,568

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    25.7% $5,250 typical

  • Pembroke Welsh Corgi

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 17,424

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    21.8%

  • Shih Tzu

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,256

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    21.7% $2,350 typical

  • Chow Chow

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 6,462

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    21.6% $5,250 typical

  • Rottweiler

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 108,924

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    21.1%

  • German Shepherd

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 146,632

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    20.4%

  • Mastiff

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 14,019

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    20.3% $5,250 typical

  • Norwegian Elkhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,544

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    19.8%

  • Golden Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 192,822

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    19.3%

  • Old English Sheepdog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 12,634

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    18.9% $5,250 typical
Show the other 73 breeds

  • Pomeranian

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 410

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    18.8% $2,350 typical

  • Gordon Setter

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,191

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    18.7%

  • Beagle

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,776

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    18.5%

  • Giant Schnauzer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,900

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    17.5% $5,250 typical

  • Australian Cattle Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 6,127

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    16.7% $2,350 typical

  • Bernese Mountain Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 31,528

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    16.3% $5,250 typical

  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 13,083

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    16.2% $2,350 typical

  • Staffordshire Bull Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,484

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    16.1%

  • Chinese Shar-Pei

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 11,048

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    15.8% $5,250 typical

  • English Setter

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 13,429

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    15.3%

  • Brittany

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 23,785

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    13.8% $2,350 typical

  • Leonberger

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,330

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    13.8%

  • Akita

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 18,630

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    13.3% $5,250 typical

  • Welsh Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 184

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    13%

  • Boxer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,710

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.7% $5,250 typical

  • West Highland White Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 976

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.6% $2,350 typical

  • Great Dane

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 19,256

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.5% $5,250 typical

  • Boston Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 598

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.5% $2,350 typical

  • English Springer Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 20,578

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.5%

  • Maltese

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 264

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.5% $2,350 typical

  • Portuguese Water Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 12,054

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    12.1% $2,350 typical

  • Alaskan Malamute

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 16,159

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.7%

  • Irish Setter

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 13,502

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.7% $5,250 typical

  • Poodle

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 42,265

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.6%

  • Airedale Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,343

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.5% $5,250 typical

  • Labrador Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 324,584

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.3%

  • Samoyed

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 20,356

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.1% $5,250 typical

  • Welsh Springer Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,042

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    10.7%

  • Border Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 21,125

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9.9%

  • Great Pyrenees

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,492

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9.5% $5,250 typical

  • Havanese

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,634

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9.2% $2,350 typical

  • Weimaraner

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 14,676

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.5% $5,250 typical

  • Standard Schnauzer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,554

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.4%

  • Bichon Frise

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,292

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.2% $2,350 typical

  • Cairn Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 222

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.1%

  • Lhasa Apso

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 939

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    7.7% $2,350 typical

  • Bull Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 133

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    7.5%

  • Yorkshire Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 503

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    7.2% $2,350 typical

  • Parson Russell Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 139

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    7.2%

  • Cocker Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 17,401

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.9% $2,350 typical

  • Doberman Pinscher

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 22,516

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.8% $5,250 typical

  • Vizsla

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 20,238

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.7% $5,250 typical

  • Shiba Inu

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,390

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.7% $2,350 typical

  • Keeshond

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 6,233

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.4%

  • Australian Shepherd

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 50,289

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.3%

  • Bearded Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,342

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.1%

  • English Cocker Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 10,108

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6%

  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,147

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.9%

  • Afghan Hound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,957

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.8%

  • Chihuahua

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 175

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.7% $2,350 typical

  • Tibetan Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,912

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.6%

  • Belgian Malinois

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 6,820

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5%

  • Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,798

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5%

  • Shetland Sheepdog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 27,972

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.7%

  • Dachshund

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 504

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.6% $2,350 typical

  • Rhodesian Ridgeback

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 15,980

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.3% $5,250 typical

  • Irish Wolfhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,127

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.3%

  • Dalmatian

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,743

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.2% $5,250 typical

  • Border Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,372

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4%

  • Flat-Coated Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,707

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.9%

  • German Shorthaired Pointer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 23,609

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.7%

  • Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,585

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.2%

  • Basenji

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,902

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.2% $2,350 typical

  • Miniature Schnauzer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 324

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.8% $2,350 typical

  • Siberian Husky

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 22,662

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.3%

  • Whippet

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 301

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.3% $2,350 typical

  • Greyhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 408

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.2%

  • Borzoi

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 925

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.1%

  • Miniature Pinscher

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 196

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2%

  • Saluki

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 299

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.7%

  • Papillon

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 124

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.6% $2,350 typical

  • Chinese Crested

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 145

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.70%

  • Italian Greyhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 502

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.60% $2,350 typical

Owner survey

Share of dogs whose owners reported the condition at one point in time.

Depends on owners noticing and recalling. Mild or resolved cases are undercounted.

  • Rottweiler

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.6% 1.3% to 5% $5,250 typical

  • Shetland Sheepdog

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.5% 1.3% to 4.7% $2,350 typical

  • Collie

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.4% 1% to 5.4% $5,250 typical

  • Labrador Retriever

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.2% 1.9% to 2.6% $5,250 typical

  • Beagle

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    1.8% 0.94% to 3.4% $2,350 typical

  • Border Collie

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    1.8% 1.1% to 2.8% $2,350 typical

Lifetime, owner-reported

Share of dogs whose owners report the dog has ever had the condition.

Counts everything a dog has ever had, so it runs higher than a one-year rate and is not comparable with one.

  • German Shepherd

    clinical or cohort Dog Aging Project breeds 2023, 2019-2022 n = 46

    27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported

    7.6% 5.7% to 9.9%

Where these figures come from

  • OFA Grade C

    Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Disease Statistics by Breed. Cumulative evaluations submitted to the OFA registry.

    View source
  • Dog Aging Project breeds 2023 Grade B

    Forsyth KK, McCoy BM, Schmid SM, Promislow DEL, Snyder-Mackler N, the DAP Consortium. Lifetime prevalence of owner-reported medical conditions in the 25 most common dog breeds in the Dog Aging Project pack. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;10:1140417.

    View source
  • KC survey 2017 Grade C

    Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O'Neill DG, Lewis TW. Large-scale survey to estimate the prevalence of disorders for 192 Kennel Club registered breeds. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 2017;4:8.

    View source

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