Elbow dysplasia in dogs

Measured in 74 breeds across 2 sources. Figures are grouped by how they were measured, because those groups are not comparable with one another.

51.4%Highest recorded
74Breeds measured
$4,000Typical treatment cost

Screened dogs

Share of dogs submitted for screening that were graded affected.

Describes dogs whose owners chose to test them, not the breed. Submission is voluntary and normal results are more likely to be sent in.

  • Chow Chow

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,781

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    51.4% $4,000 typical

  • Bulldog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,054

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    40.2% $4,000 typical

  • Rottweiler

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 27,333

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    38.8%

  • Pug

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 392

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    36% $4,000 typical

  • Bernese Mountain Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 25,935

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    26.6% $4,000 typical

  • Dogue de Bordeaux

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 826

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    26.2%

  • Chinese Shar-Pei

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,295

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    25.3% $4,000 typical

  • Newfoundland

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 10,706

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    23.3% $4,000 typical

  • Staffordshire Bull Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 933

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    21.9%

  • Cane Corso

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,094

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    21.1% $4,000 typical

  • German Shepherd

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 68,106

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    18.7% $4,000 typical

  • Bullmastiff

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,125

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    17.2% $4,000 typical

  • English Springer Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,911

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    16% $4,000 typical

  • Mastiff

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 8,699

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    15.5% $4,000 typical

  • Bloodhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,928

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    14.9% $4,000 typical

  • English Setter

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,948

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    14.8%

  • Irish Wolfhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,943

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    14.4%

  • Gordon Setter

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,588

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    14.2%

  • Australian Cattle Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,431

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.9% $4,000 typical

  • Golden Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 83,971

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    11.8% $4,000 typical
Show the other 52 breeds

  • Shih Tzu

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 167

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    10.8% $4,000 typical

  • Keeshond

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,372

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    10.1%

  • Labrador Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 148,468

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9.9%

  • Giant Schnauzer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,699

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9.9% $4,000 typical

  • Afghan Hound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 486

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9.1%

  • Shiba Inu

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 919

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    9% $4,000 typical

  • Belgian Malinois

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,512

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.8% $4,000 typical

  • Airedale Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 946

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.6% $4,000 typical

  • Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,001

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    8.2%

  • French Bulldog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,120

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    7.5% $4,000 typical

  • Standard Schnauzer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 781

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.9%

  • Rhodesian Ridgeback

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 10,197

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.6% $4,000 typical

  • Havanese

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,229

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    6.5% $4,000 typical

  • Pembroke Welsh Corgi

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,498

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5.5%

  • Great Dane

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,895

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    5% $4,000 typical

  • Australian Shepherd

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 21,716

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.8% $4,000 typical

  • Old English Sheepdog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,199

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.8% $4,000 typical

  • Boston Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 107

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.7% $4,000 typical

  • Tibetan Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 324

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.6%

  • Leonberger

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,984

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.5%

  • Alaskan Malamute

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,068

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.1%

  • Border Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 922

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    4.1%

  • West Highland White Terrier

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 163

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.7% $4,000 typical

  • Poodle

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 11,527

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3.4% $4,000 typical

  • Bearded Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,152

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    3%

  • Samoyed

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,086

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.8% $4,000 typical

  • Basenji

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 948

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.8% $4,000 typical

  • Shetland Sheepdog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,673

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.7% $4,000 typical

  • Irish Setter

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,384

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.7% $4,000 typical

  • Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,671

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.6% $4,000 typical

  • Vizsla

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,526

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.5% $4,000 typical

  • Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 2,597

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.3%

  • Brittany

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,313

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.2% $4,000 typical

  • Weimaraner

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,165

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2.1% $4,000 typical

  • Portuguese Water Dog

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 5,354

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    2% $4,000 typical

  • Dachshund

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 159

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.9% $4,000 typical

  • Great Pyrenees

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,826

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.9% $4,000 typical

  • Borzoi

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 104

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.9%

  • Border Collie

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 9,074

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.8% $4,000 typical

  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,898

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.6% $4,000 typical

  • Akita

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 3,700

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.6% $4,000 typical

  • Welsh Springer Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,592

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.4%

  • German Shorthaired Pointer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 7,779

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.4% $4,000 typical

  • Cocker Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,192

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.3% $4,000 typical

  • Boxer

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,784

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.1% $4,000 typical

  • Dalmatian

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,516

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    1.1% $4,000 typical

  • Doberman Pinscher

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 6,456

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.90% $4,000 typical

  • Bichon Frise

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,050

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.80% $4,000 typical

  • Flat-Coated Retriever

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 4,231

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.80%

  • English Cocker Spaniel

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,524

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.30%

  • Norwegian Elkhound

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 349

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.30%

  • Siberian Husky

    screening registry OFA, 1974-2026 n = 1,711

    Dogs voluntarily submitted to the OFA registry, predominantly breeding stock

    0.20% $4,000 typical

Owner survey

Share of dogs whose owners reported the condition at one point in time.

Depends on owners noticing and recalling. Mild or resolved cases are undercounted.

  • Labrador Retriever

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    3.5% 3% to 3.9% $4,000 typical

  • Rottweiler

    breed-specific finding KC survey 2017, 2014

    Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported

    2.6% 1.3% to 5% $4,000 typical

Where these figures come from

  • OFA Grade C

    Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Disease Statistics by Breed. Cumulative evaluations submitted to the OFA registry.

    View source
  • KC survey 2017 Grade C

    Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O'Neill DG, Lewis TW. Large-scale survey to estimate the prevalence of disorders for 192 Kennel Club registered breeds. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 2017;4:8.

    View source

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