Lifetime, owner-reported
Share of dogs whose owners report the dog has ever had the condition.
Counts everything a dog has ever had, so it runs higher than a one-year rate and is not comparable with one.
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27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
35.9% 29.1% to 43.3% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
18.8% 14.2% to 24.3% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
13.3% 9.1% to 19.1% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
11.9% 8.1% to 17.3% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
9.4% 6.7% to 13% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
9.4% 6% to 14.3% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
8.7% 5.6% to 13.4% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
7.5% 4.4% to 12.7% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
6.6% 3.9% to 10.9% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
5.8% 4% to 8.3% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
4.9% 2.4% to 9.7% -
27,541 US companion dogs in the Dog Aging Project, owner reported
4.5% 2.2% to 9.1%
Owner survey
Share of dogs whose owners reported the condition at one point in time.
Depends on owners noticing and recalling. Mild or resolved cases are undercounted.
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Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported
9.7% 8.1% to 11.4% $822 typical -
Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported
3.4% 1.8% to 6.4% $822 typical -
Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported
2.2% 1.1% to 4.3% $822 typical -
Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported
1.4% 0.82% to 2.3% $822 typical -
Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported
1.1% 0.43% to 2.8% $822 typical -
Live UK Kennel Club registered dogs, owner reported
0.99% 0.48% to 2% $822 typical
1-year clinical
Share of dogs recorded with the condition in a single year of veterinary records.
Not a lifetime risk. A dog that develops this at age 9 is not counted in a year it was not diagnosed.
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UK primary-care dogs of this breed
30.9% $822 typical
Where these figures come from
- Dog Aging Project breeds 2023 Grade B
Forsyth KK, McCoy BM, Schmid SM, Promislow DEL, Snyder-Mackler N, the DAP Consortium. Lifetime prevalence of owner-reported medical conditions in the 25 most common dog breeds in the Dog Aging Project pack. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;10:1140417.
View source - VetCompass Cavalier 2015 Grade A
Summers JF, O'Neill DG, Church DB, Thomson PC, McGreevy PD, Brodbelt DC. Prevalence of disorders recorded in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels attending primary-care veterinary practices in England. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 2015;3:1.
View source - KC survey 2017 Grade C
Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O'Neill DG, Lewis TW. Large-scale survey to estimate the prevalence of disorders for 192 Kennel Club registered breeds. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 2017;4:8.
View source